如何升级CentOS内核

手册/FAQ (603) 2015-11-16 09:58:56

1.下载linux-2.6.30内核包到/usr/src目录

cd /usr/src

wget ftp ://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/linux-2.6.30.tar.gz

tar -xzvf linux-2.6.30.tar.bz2 -C /usr/src

cd linux-2.6.30

make mrproper 清除环境变量,即清除配置文件

make menuconfig 在菜单模式下选择需要编译的内核模块:

networking support—>networking options—>network packet filtering framework(netfilter)

(1).core netfilter configuration

A 勾中”Netfilter connection tracking support” -m state相关模块是依赖它的,不选则没有。

B 将netbios name service protocal support(new) 编译成模块,不然后面升级iptables后启动时会出错

C 勾中“Netfilter Xtables support (required for ip_tables)”

(2).IP: Netfilter Configuration

A 将 “IPv4 connection tracking support (require for NAT)” 编译成模块。

B 勾中IP tables support (required for filtering/masq/NAT) 。

C 将 “Full NAT” 下的 “MASQUERADE target support” 和 “REDIRECT target support” 编译成模块

(3).其它模块可以根据自己的需要进行选择,若不懂可以参考内核配置手册.

make clean 确保所有东西均保持最新状态.

make bzImage 生成内核文件

make modules 编译模块

make modules_install 安装模块

make install 安装

mkinitrd /boot/initrd_2.6.30.img 2.6.30 根据内核版本和指定参数生成映像文件

cp arch/x86/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.30

cp /usr/src/linux-2.6.30/System.map /boot/System.map-2.6.30

2.在/etc/grub.conf添加如下2.6.30的信息,并把default=1改为default=0

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/grub.conf

# grub.conf generated by anaconda

#

# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file

# NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that

# all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg.

# root (hd0,0)

# kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00

# initrd /initrd-version.img

#boot=/dev/sda

default=0

timeout=5

splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz

hiddenmenu

title CentOS (2.6.18-194.el5)

root (hd0,0)

kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-194.el5 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 rhgb quiet

initrd /initrd-2.6.18-194.el5.img

title CentOS (2.6.30)

root (hd0,0)

kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.30 ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 rhgb quiet

initrd /initrd-2.6.30.img

3.此步若没有操作,重启会报错”insmod: error inserting ‘/lib/dm-region-hash.ko’: –1 File exits”,原因是重复了,根据网上查到的资料,2.6.x自编译内核会有这个小bug,我测试过不修改直接重启,虽然有报错,但仍然可以进入系统的.

[root@localhost]cp /boot/initrd-2.6.30.img /tmp

[root@localhost]cd /tmp/

[root@localhost tmp]mkdir newinitrd

[root@localhost tmp]cd newinitrd/

[root@localhost newinitrd]zcat ../initrd-2.6.30.img |cpio -i

[root@localhost newinitrd]vi init 删掉重复的如下两行:

echo “Loading dm-region-hash.ko module”

insmod /lib/dm-region-hash.ko

[root@localhost newinitrd]# find .|cpio -c -o > ../initrd

14765 blocks

[root@localhost newinitrd]# cd ..

[root@localhost tmp]# gzip -9 < initrd > initrd-2.6.30.img

[root@localhost tmp]# ls

gconfd-root initrd initrd-2.6.30.img mapping-root newinitrd scim-panel-socket:0-root

[root@localhost tmp]# mv /boot/initrd-2.6.30.img /home/

[root@localhost tmp]# cp initrd-2.6.30.img /boot/

[root@localhost tmp]#reboot

4.重启成功后,再看看内核,是2.6.30,ok了。

[root@localhost ~]# uname –r

2.6.30
THE END